Linux

What is Unix?

It is not wrong if we say that Unix is a Mother of Operating System (OS). It was developed in 1969 by a company name AT&T in Bell Labs.

What is Linux?

Linux is a Unix-like computer Operating System (OS) assembled under the model of free and open source software development and distribution.

How to install Linux?

Before installing Linux on your computer system, you must be aware from some partitions and folders of Linux OS.

File System:
A file system organizes data in an efficient manner. File systems are used on data storage devices, such as hard disk drives, floppy disks, optical discs, or flash memory storage devices. There are many type of file systems but the most commons are FAT, NTFS for windows and for Linux is EXT3. There are 52 file systems support in Linux OS including windows based like FAT and NTFS.

Partition Overview in Linux:

"  /   "     is called root and its size must be 8+ GB (10 GB  to 12 GB)

"  /boot  "   boot partition size 100MB
                   

"  Swap  "  swap file size is (Ram x 2 = swap partition size).

What is root? ( / ) :
root partition is just like windows folder in C drive. It has many folders in it. I'll explain some of them here for you.
(i)   /etc :
All important files stored in it like in windows System32 folder stores important files.

(ii)   /usr :
All software installed in it like in windows we say Program Files.

(iv)   /home
All user profiles save in it like in windows we see Documents and Settings.

(v)   /bin
All non admin commands related to local user are stored in it

(vi)   /sbin
All Admin commands related to admin stored in it.

(vi)   /var
All logs like security logs, machine logs, network logs stored in it. And used for Troubleshoot the machine.


What is /boot ?
It stores KERNEL (VmLinuz)
                    "A kernel is a program that constitutes the central core of a computer operating system." OR " A core part of OS is Kernel "
                    "vmlinuz is a name of Linux Kernel."
 What is Swap?
swap partition is create for Ram. It is not Ram but acts like ram also performance is slow then Ram. Stores pagefile when Ram is full.

Note : it will be update lecture by lecture.